Australia 416 (Smith 110, Head 77, Warner 66, Tongue 3-98, Robinson 3-100) and 279 (Khawaja 77, Broad 4-65) beat England 325 (Duckett 98, Brook 50, Starc 3-88, Head 2-17, Hazlewood 2-71) and 327 (Stokes 155, Duckett 83, Cummins 3-69, Starc 3-79, Hazlewood 3-80) by 43 runs
London: Yet another staggering century from Ben Stokes was not enough to carry England to an astonishing second-Test victory over Australia at Lord's in one of the most incredible and controversial finishes in the history of the game.
In an effort up there with his match-winning knocks against Australia at Headingley four years ago and in the World Cup final against New Zealand on this ground, England captain Stokes belted 155 in what threatened to become the greatest innings ever played in Test cricket.
Supported by the courageous Stuart Broad, Stokes added 108 for the seventh-wicket in little more than 20 overs, but finally miscued Josh Hazlewood with England 70 adrift of their target of 371.
He left to a rousing standing ovation and, without their inspirational skipper, England were bowled out for 327 to give Australia victory by 43 runs and a 2-0 series lead.
Stokes and Broad, the fiercest of Ashes competitors, were fuelled by a hugely contentious stumping of Jonny Bairstow, which left England needing 178 runs with just four wickets in hand.
Believing the ball to be dead, Bairstow wandered out of his ground as wicketkeeper Alex Carey under-armed the ball at the stumps. Australia celebrated and Bairstow was given out by TV umpire Marais Erasmus.
As the furious Bairstow departed, Lord's showered Australia with boos that would last for the rest of the day - some players were confronted by spectators in the Long Room, for which the Marylebone Cricket Club issued an apology.
On the field, Stokes channelled his frustration into some stunning hitting, hammering 38 runs from the next 16 balls he faced after the Bairstow dismissal and clubbing Cameron Green for three successive sixes to reach his century.
Stokes, who was dropped on 77 and twice on 114, made Australia pay with a total of nine maximums - a record for an Ashes innings.
But this was a miracle beyond even Stokes and Australia now need to win only one of the remaining three Tests to take victory in an Ashes series in this country for the first time in 22 years.
Somehow, players on both sides must regroup for the third Test at Headingley on Thursday.